I te mutunga o te tau 2021, e 800,000 tana o ngā rahui tine a Indonesia (e kiia nei ko Indonesia) ā, e 16% o te ao, ā, ko te ōwehenga whakaputa rahui he 15 tau, he iti iho i te toharite o te ao o te 17 tau. He hohonu ake ngā putunga o ngā rauemi tine kei Indonesia, he iti ake te kounga, ā, kua tino pehia te putanga o te tine. I tēnei wā, kua heke te hohonutanga o te keri o te maina tine o Indonesia mai i te 50 mita i raro i te mata ki te 100 ~ 150 mita i raro i te mata. Kua piki ake te uauatanga o te keri, ā, kua heke hoki te putanga o te maina tine o Indonesia i ia tau, mai i te tihi o te 104,500 tana i te tau 2011 ki te 53,000 tana i te tau 2020. Ahakoa ko Indonesia tonu te tuarua o ngā kaiwhakarato tine nui rawa atu o te ao, kua heke tōna wāhi ki te whakaputa tine o te ao mai i te 35% i te tau 2011 ki te 20% i te tau 2020.

Hei te tuarua o ngā kaihanga tine parakore nui rawa atu o te ao, he mea tino nui te tuku tine parakore o Initonīhia, engari ko te tuku katoa me te ngāwari o te tuku tine parakore o Initonīhia e whakaatu ana i te ia heke.

Tuatahi, i haere tonu te whakawhāiti i te kaupapa here kaweake o te konganuku mata o Initonīhia. I te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2021, i kī te Perehitini o Initonīhia, a Joko Widodo, ka mutu tana kaweake i te konganuku tine a Initonīhia i te tau 2024. I te tau 2014, i whakaputa te Manatū Tauhokohoko o Initonīhia i te ture tauhokohoko Nama 44 hei aukati i te kaweake o te konganuku mata, ko te kaupapa nei hei aukati i te ngaronga o te maha o ngā rauemi tine i ngā utu iti, me te whakapai ake i te tāpiri atu o tana umanga tine me te reo utu o ngā rauemi tine. Whai muri i te whakatinanatanga o te ture, kua whakaitihia te putanga o te maina tine i Initonīhia. I te tau 2020, ko te ōwehenga ōrite o te putanga maina tine / tine parakore i Initonīhia he 0.9 noa iho. I te mea he iti ake te kaha whakarewa o Initonīhia i te konganuku tine, ā, he uaua te kaha whakarewa ā-rohe ki te nakunaku i te konganuku tine i kaweake tuatahitia i roto i te wā poto, kua heke te putanga o te konganuku tine i Initonīhia hei whakatutuki i te hiahia whakarewa o te whenua. Mai i te tau 2019, ko te ōwehenga ōrite o te putanga tine parakore o te maina tine o Initonīhia he iti iho i te 1, engari ko te ōwehenga ōrite i te tau 2020 he 0.9 noa iho. Kāore i taea e te putanga o te maina tine te whakatutuki i te hanga tine parakore o te motu.

Tuarua, ko te hekenga whānui o te taumata rauemi i Indonesia, me te anga atu ki ngā raruraru o te waimeha o ngā rauemi whenua me te uaua haere o te keri i te papa moana, e whakaiti ana i te putanga o te tine. I tēnei wā, ko te maina tine raro moana te wāhanga nui o te putanga o te maina tine i Indonesia. He uaua te keri raro moana, ā, he utu nui, ā, ka pāngia hoki te putanga o te maina tine i ia wā.

Ko te kamupene Tianma te kaihanga tine nui rawa atu i Initonīhia, me te 90% o te whenua kua whakaaetia mō te keri tine, ā, ko tana whakaputanga tine takutai moana he 94%. Heoi, nā te whakahaere kino o te kamupene Tianma, kua nui rawa te whakamahinga o ana mana keri e te tini o ngā kaimaina tūmataiti iti, ā, kua akiakihia te kamupene Tianma ki te whakapakari i tana mana whakahaere i ngā mana keri i ngā tau tata nei. I tēnei wā, ko te putanga maina tine a te kamupene he nui ake te whakawhirinaki ki te maina tine raro moana, ā, kua piki ake te ōwehenga o te putanga maina tine takutai moana mai i te 54% i te tau 2010 ki te 94% i te tau 2020. I te mutunga o te tau 2020, 16000 tana noa iho o ngā rahui tine kounga teitei kei te kamupene Tianma.

E whakaatu ana te putanga tine whakarewa o te kamupene Tianma i te hekenga whānui. I te tau 2019, i eke te putanga tine o te kamupene Tianma ki te 76000 tana, me te pikinga tau-ki-te-tau o te 128%, he taumata teitei i ngā tau tata nei. Ko te take nui o tēnei ko te whakatinanatanga o ngā ture kaweake hou ki Initonīhia i te hauwhā tuawhā o te tau 2018, i āhei ai te kamupene Tianma ki te whiwhi i ngā putanga mai i ngā kaimaina ture kore i roto i te whānuitanga o te raihana e ai ki ngā tatauranga, engari kāore i piki ake te kaha whakaputa tine tuturu o te kamupene. Mai i taua wā, kua heke tonu te putanga tine o te kamupene Tianma. I ngā hauwhā tuatahi e toru o te tau 2021, ko te putanga tine parakore o te kamupene Tianma he 19000 tana, he hekenga tau-ki-te-tau o te 49%.

Tuatoru, kua riro ngā umanga whakarewa tūmataiti iti hei kaha matua mō te tuku tine kua parakorehia i roto i

Ā tōna wā, ka whakawhāitihia ngā rauemi tine o Initonīhia ki ngā whare whakarewa nui.

Nō nā tata nei, kua ora ake ngā kaweake tine ingot o Initonīhia i ia tau, ko te nuinga nā te tipu o ngā kaweake tine ingot mai i ngā kaihanga whakarewa tūmataiti. I te mutunga o te tau 2020, ko te katoa o te kaha o te tine parakore o ngā umanga whakarewa tūmataiti i Initonīhia e tata ana ki te 50000 tana, e 62% o te katoa o te kaha o Initonīhia. Ko tētahi āhuatanga nui o te keri tine me te keri tine parakore i Initonīhia ko te nuinga o ēnei he mahi iti nā ngā umanga tūmataiti, ā, ka taea te whakarerekē i te putanga kia rite ki te taumata utu. Ina teitei te utu tine, ka piki tonu te whakaputanga a ngā umanga iti, ā, ina heke te utu tine, ka whiriwhiri rātou ki te kati i te kaha whakaputa. Nō reira, he nui te piki me te heke o te putanga o te tine me te tine parakore i Initonīhia, ā, he iti te matapae.

I ngā hauwhā tuatahi e toru o te tau 2021, i kaweake a Initonīhia i te 53000 tana o te tine parakore, he pikinga 4.8% i runga i te wā kotahi i te tau 2020. E whakapono ana te kaituhi kua ea te āputa o te hekenga o te putanga tine parakore a te kamupene Tianma nā te kaweake tine parakore a ngā kamupene whakarewa tūmataiti o te rohe. Heoi, he mea tika kia mōhiotia ko te whakawhānui ake i te kaha me te rahinga kaweake tuturu o ngā kamupene whakarewa tūmataiti ka whakahaeretia tonutia e te arotake tiaki taiao e kaha haere ana i Initonīhia. Tae noa ki Hanuere 2022, kāore anō te kāwanatanga o Initonīhia kia whakaputa raihana kaweake tine hou mā te whakawhitinga.

E whakapono ana te kaituhi, ā tērā wā, ka nui ake te kohikohinga o ngā rauemi tine o Initonīhia ki ngā whare whakarewa nui, ā, ka iti haere te tūponotanga o te tipu nui o te putanga tine kua parakorehia o ngā umanga iti, ka pumau tonu te putanga tine kua parakorehia, ā, ka heke haere te ngāwari o te putanga. Nā te hekenga o te kounga o te konganuku tine mata i Initonīhia, ka kore e whai hua te momo whakaputa iti o ngā umanga iti, ā, ka whakakorea te tini o ngā umanga iti i te mākete. Whai muri i te whakaurunga o te ture keri hou o Initonīhia, ka nui ake te rere o te tuku o te konganuku tine mata ki ngā umanga nui, ka pā he "pānga whakaemi" ki te tuku o te konganuku tine mata ki ngā umanga whakarewa iti.